HomeServe Review (2023)

HomeServe USA is a home warranty company founded in 2003 that takes a results-based approach to home warranties. Rather than simply providing plans that cover appliances or home systems, the company offers packages designed for specific needs, like home security, interior comfort, and specific system complexes, like plumbing and drainage systems.

The company’s coverage plans are a bit more expensive than many competitors for total protection, so it’s not the most inexpensive home warranty company. Overall, customer reviews are outstanding, and most customers find that investing in a plan with HomeServe USA is well worth it for the insurance policy and peace of mind.

During our extensive research of over 50 Home Warranty Companies we found more comprehensive coverage from other providers. We’ve listed a few of them below:

Our Expert Take on HomeServe

When we review home warranty companies, we look at a ton of different factors to determine how likely they are to cover your home and keep you satisfied. These include overall cost, the value-to-cost ratio, the percentage of claims that are denied, disputes and lawsuits with the company, and more. We believe HomeServe USA is a great company for reliable coverage with a good payout ratio, although that peace of mind comes at a relatively high price.

Company Information

• Company name: HomeServe USA
• Company type: Private
• CEO: John Kitzie
• Founding date: 4/19/2002
• Years in business: 17 years
• Telephone: (855) 696-1528
• Address: 601 Merritt 7, Fl 6, Norwalk, CT, 06851-1174
• State availability: 50 states
• Service fee: $0 (or $100 for appliance plans)
• BBB rating: A+
• BBB accreditation: Yes
• Number of BBB complaints closed within last 3 years: 491

HomeServe Plan and Coverage Options

HomeServe USA provides a handful of plans that focus on specific home systems only, like plumbing and electrical systems. It also has additional combo plans that include things like appliances, heating and cooling equipment, and more. There are four plumbing-related plans, three HVAC plans, two electrical plans, and six combination plans.

In the section below, you’ll find detailed information about all the plans offered by HomeServe USA, including the different options for specific systems and purposes.

You can get a free quote from HomeServe online or by calling the company at 1-866-670-5845.

System and Appliance Coverage

Since there are many different plans from HomeServe USA available, we’ve laid out each for every major system and appliance package.

Plumbing Plans from HomeServe

Appliances and Systems	Interior Plumbing & Drainage Plan	Exterior Sewer/Septic Line Plan	Water Service Line Plan	Exterior Pipes Combo Plan	Home Plumbing & Drainage Combo Plan
Interior Plumbing Lines	✓
Interior Drainage Lines	✓				✓
Exterior Sewer/Septic Lines		✓		✓	✓
Exterior Water Service Lines			✓	✓
Monthly Cost	$15.49	$12.98	$7.95	$12.99	$18.99
Annual Cost	$185.88	$155.76	$95.40	$155.88	$227.88

Heating & Cooling Plans from HomeServe

Appliances and Systems	PremierHeat	PremierHeat Plus	PremierCool	PremierCool Plus	PremierHeat & Cool Plus	Tune Up Protection Plus	Premier Ductless System
Heating System	✓	✓			✓
Heating System Tune-up		✓			✓	✓
AC System			✓	✓	✓
AC Tune-up				✓	✓	✓
Water Heater Repairs	✓	✓			✓
Ductless System Maintenance							✓
Ductless System Tune-up							✓
Monthly Cost	$19.91	$27.83	$14.91	$19.08	$33.67	$9.99	$38.16
Annual Cost	$238.92	$333.96	$178.92	$228.96	$404.04	$119.88	$457.92

Electrical Plans from HomeServe

Appliances and Systems	Exterior Electrical Line Plan	Interior Electrical Line Plan
Exterior Lighting	✓
Buried Electrical Lines	✓
Outbuilding Electrical Lines	✓
Interior Electrical Lines		✓
Monthly Cost	$5.49	$12.99
Annual Cost	$65.88	$155.88

Combo Plans from HomeServe

Appliances and Systems	Total Home Warranty Appliance Plan	Total Home Warranty Combo Plan	Premium Home Protection Plan	Complete Plumbing Repair Plan	Interior Protection Plan	Home Comfort Plan
Major Home Appliances	✓	✓
Major Home Systems		✓	✓
All Plumbing-Related Systems				✓	✓
HVAC System			✓			✓
Interior Electrical Lines		✓		✓	✓
Sewer/Septic Lines			✓
Gas Line				✓		✓
Water Heater Repairs				✓	✓	✓
Monthly Cost	$48.33	$58.33	$69.99	$41.99	$55.99	$29.99
Annual Cost	$579.96	$699.96	$839.88	$503.88	$671.88	$359.88

Add-on Options from HomeServe

Unfortunately, HomeServe USA doesn’t offer any add-on services. This is relatively uncommon in the home warranty industry, as most other providers will include one-off services like well pump repair or pool equipment coverage for an additional small fee each month.

However, HomeServe’s plans are designed to protect groups of appliances or services that most property owners want to be covered together. Keeping this in mind, the lack of add-on products is somewhat understandable.

Coverage Details for Top Systems and Appliances

Since the items covered in the different plans from HomeServe vary, the coverage options also differ among the different coverage options and packages. In the sections below, we’ve included some information on what the company covers based on the system or group of items you choose to be protected.

Air Conditioning

Most of the AC-related service plans from HomeServe include coverage for the majority of the components you’d find in your condensers and air handlers. These include:

• Grills
• Air returns
• Registers
• Ductwork
• Evaporator coils
• Electrical components
• Compressors
• Blower motors
• Thermostats

The only exception to this would be the plans that cover ductless units. In those cases, up to three air handlers and all interior components would be included in the coverage, as would the exterior condenser and the components contained within. Each ductless plan includes just one condenser.

Also included in many of the AC plans is a free annual tune-up. All cooling plans have unlimited coverage and include unlimited service calls. A 10-day wait period applies to these plans.

Heating Systems

The heating system plans from HomeServe all come with unlimited service calls and unlimited coverage per call, which is outstanding. All repairs are guaranteed for an entire year. Coverage is delayed for 10 days after signing up for your plan.

The heating system plans cover a variety of components and parts of a system, depending on which one you choose. Below is a list of all of the pieces of a system that could be covered in different plan options.

• Boiler repairs and routine maintenance
• Oil guns
• Pressure and relief valves
• Circulator pumps
• Water heaters
• Air handlers
• Ductless units
• Heat pumps
• Water heaters
• Annual tune-up of heating system
• Thermostats

Electrical Systems

The electrical system plans from HomeServe include comprehensive coverage of exterior electrical lines, interior electrical lines, or both. Some components and subsystems that are covered include:

• Electrical boxes
• Switches and outlets
• Lighting fixtures
• Main breaker panels
• Wiring running behind your walls
• Wiring running to outbuildings
• Underground lighting for exterior lighting
• Main service line coming into your home

The interior electric package comes with a $2,500 coverage cap, and the exterior plan comes with a $5,000 coverage cap. You get as many service calls as you need with both plans until your annual benefit or coverage cap is met. These plans require a 30-day waiting period before coverage kicks in, and all work is guaranteed for one year.

Plumbing and Stoppages

The plumbing plans from HomeServe come in a variety of options, which can include interior and exterior lines. Most differentiate between drainage lines and supply lines, so be careful which ones you choose and make sure you get what you want to be covered. Some of the options include:

• Main water supply line coming into your home
• Sewer line leaving your home
• Septic system lines
• Plumbing supply lines running behind your walls
• Drain lines leading from sinks, toilets, showers, and other fixtures
• Water heater lines
• Water heater repairs
• Gas lines supplying natural gas to ovens, grills, or heating systems

The maximum benefit amounts for these plans range from $850 for water heater service to $10,000 for larger systems like exterior water lines. All plumbing plans come with unlimited service calls except the interior plumbing and drainage package, which includes just two per year at $1,500 per call ($3,000 total).

Kitchen Appliances: Refrigerator, Oven, and Stove

The appliance-inclusive plans from HomeServe cover repairs and maintenance for most of your major appliances. These include:

• Refrigerators
• Built-in microwaves
• Ovens
• Cooktops
• Dishwashers
• Trash compactors
• Garage door openers
• Washers
• Dryers

The appliance plans are the only ones from HomeServe that come with a service fee. The fee is $100 per service call, which makes these options rather expensive overall. All work is guaranteed for a full year, and the 30-day wait period applies to these plans as well.

HomeServe Coverage Limits and Exclusions

Most home warranties don’t include all types of damage, and very few provide unlimited payouts on the items they cover. Understanding where your home warranty company falls when it comes to these coverages and exclusions is crucial before signing any contracts.

In the sections below, we’ve included some information on coverage caps and excluded repairs with HomeServe.

Annual Coverage Maximums

An annual coverage maximum is the maximum amount of money a home warranty company will pay out per year for a specific package. For example, if you choose a plumbing coverage plan with a $3,000 coverage cap, the company will provide repairs for approved issues until it pays out $3,000. After that, you’re on your own until the next year begins.

The coverage caps from HomeServe vary widely based on the plan you choose and what it covers. Generally speaking, they range from a few hundred dollars to $10,000, although some are unlimited. Here are the specifics:

• Heating and cooling systems: Unlimited coverage and unlimited service calls
• Exterior water lines: $7,000 coverage cap and unlimited calls until the cap is met
• Exterior sewer/septic lines: $10,000 coverage cap and unlimited calls until the cap is met
• Interior plumbing/drainage combo: $3,000 total over two service calls at $1,500 each
• Exterior electric lines: $5,000 coverage cap and unlimited calls until the cap is met
• Interior electric lines: $2,500 coverage cap and unlimited calls until the cap is met
• Gas lines: $8,000 coverage cap and unlimited calls until the cap is met
• Water heaters: $850 coverage cap and unlimited calls until the cap is met

What HomeServe Doesn’t Cover

Luckily, most of the issues you’re likely to run into with your home systems and appliances will be covered by HomeServe. However, there are some exceptions, which you’ll find with most home warranty companies.

Some things that HomeServe will not cover include intentional damage done to equipment or systems, repairs for the sake of aesthetics only, pre-existing issues, and problems that arise due to a lack of maintenance. These are common stipulations among other providers as well.

Can You Cancel Your Warranty with HomeServe?

Like many other home warranty companies, you can cancel for free and with no penalties if you do so within the first 30 days of signing up. This is the same wait period you’ll endure before coverage kicks in.

If you cancel after the 30-day wait period, you’ll be refunded with a prorated price for coverage that you don’t use. For example, if you pay $500 for a year’s worth of coverage and cancel after six months, you’ll be refunded $250.

It’s important to note that HomeServe doesn’t charge a cancellation fee, as many other providers do. This can help you save quite a bit of money if you need to back out early, like if you sell your home or switch to a more comprehensive plan from another home warranty company.

To cancel, you can call customer service at 1-855-336-2465.

HomeServe Cost

The price of a coverage plan from HomeServe can vary wildly based on the items you decide to get protection for. The beauty of HomeServe’s many plan options is that you can choose one that covers only the items you want protected to save money.

The average cost of a Home Warranty from HomeServe is around $18 per month, but plans can range from around $5.49 up to $69.99 per month. Annually, that’s a range of $65 to $840 and an average cost of $216. The more items you need to be covered — or the more those items or services cost to repair and replace — the more you’ll spend per month.

These prices and the prices listed in the tables above were all determined by choosing a specific location — New York — and pricing out individual plans and options. We also confirmed that the cost of coverage doesn’t vary too much from location to location, so the dollar amounts in this review should represent what you can expect for your home.

Overall, the prices from HomeServe are lower than what you’d expect from other home warranty companies, like Choice Home Warranty and Select Home Warranty. However, the items covered are far fewer in number. To get equivalent coverage to these other providers, you’d likely spend well over $100 per month, which is far above the industry average.

Service Fees

Service fees are paid when your home warranty provider sends a technician to your home to address an issue — basically, any time you report an issue to make a warranty claim. The average service fee in the industry is around $80.

While nearly every other home warranty company has service fees required for all of its coverage plans, HomeServe doesn’t.

The only service fee charged by this company is the $100 service fee for appliance packages. All other plans — for plumbing, electrical, heating, and cooling systems — come with no service fees to help you save on ongoing maintenance.

HomeServe Discounts, Perks, and Deals

Some home warranty companies offer discounts when you pay for an annual plan rather than a monthly plan, and others provide discounts to veterans, individuals on active military duty, senior citizens, and/or first responders. Unfortunately, HomeServe doesn’t provide discounts and makes no mention of any deals — seasonal or otherwise — on its plans.

However, the company does work with local utility providers to provide discounted rates on certain service plans. You can put in your zip code on the company’s website and select your utility provider to see any available perks.

Where is HomeServe Available?

HomeServe provides home warranty services to all 50 states. However, you’ll find when you search by your zip code that some plans mentioned above might be missing. The company doesn’t provide every single one of its coverage options to all U.S. residents.

You can check out the map below for more information on where HomeServe provides coverage.

HomeServe USA is available in all 50 states. If you want to see the top home warranty companies by state, check out our State Home Warranty Guides and see which companies we think are the best of the best.

HomeServe ratings

• Plan options: 3.8 / 5
• Breadth of coverage: 3.5 / 5
• State availability: 5.0 / 5
• Cost: 5.0 / 5
• Trustworthiness: 5.0 / 5
• Customer service: 5.0 / 5
• Unique benefits: 4.0 / 5

Summary of Customer Feedback

REVIEWER	HOMESERVE USA RATINGS	INDUSTRY AVERAGE RATINGS
YELP	2.5 / 5 (out of 28 reviews)	1.2 / 5 (out of 375 reviews)
BBB	3.1 / 5 (out of 300 reviews)	2.0 / 5 (out of 956 reviews)
TRUSTPILOT	2.0 / 5 (out of 107 reviews)	1.9 / 5 (out of 937 reviews)

HomeServe Reviews

The home warranty industry is home to a lot of negative reviews and ongoing issues with customers not receiving the service they think they deserve. Fortunately, HomeServe maintains above-average scores on major review sites, including the Better Business Bureau, Trustpilot, Google Reviews, and Yelp.

To get a sense of what customers think, we read through dozens of positive and negative reviews to identify trends in the service and shortcomings. Generally speaking, HomeServe keeps most customers happy and satisfied and seems like a trustworthy company that is honest and open about coverage and exclusions.

The majority of the reviews claim that the company responds quickly and professionally, and few customers feel they’re cheated out of service by technicians misreporting the underlying cause of issues. Unfortunately, that is a common trend among many other home warranty companies.

HomeServe Customer Reviews

Most of the positive reviews mention that the overall service, the rapidity of the responses to claims, and even the professionalism of the technicians assigned to complete emergency home repairs are outstanding. Customers rave about the percentage of claims that are paid out, which is a huge deal in this industry.

Of course, the company is not without its faults and negative reviews. Some customers have had poor customer service experiences. Some mention calls going unresponded to, claims sitting for days before being denied, and a lack of cleanup after work is completed.

We’ve included some positive reviews followed by complaints. These should give you a snapshot of what you can expect from HomeServe.

“I wish all my business interactions were as smooth as when I dealt with HomeServe. One call when the problem occurred, one to finalize everything, and then a follow up to make sure I was happy with the service provided. I expect to be a satisfied customer for many years to come with HomeServe.” —James O. via BBB

“HomeServe is a great company that has you covered when the unexpected happens!! My water line outside my home busted and they were on top of getting a contractor to assist the damages both inside and outside. HomeServe got the job done and done right. No unexpected expenses; just two great companies working together in unison to fix the problem.. Thanks, HomeServe and [the technician] for a job well done with top notch customer service and quality workmanship.” —Thom M. via BBB

Complaints and Lawsuits Against HomeServe

It’s always a good idea to look at some negative reviews of a company you’re considering hiring. Doing so will give you an idea of the worst-case scenario service you could run into when getting a home warranty. Below are some negative reviews we found online.

“We have Sewer Protection and called for emergency service on a clogged sewer line in our house. We were told that it may or may not be covered but that someone would be dispatched to take a look and advise. [Four days later, we] called to [follow up] and were told that we are not covered for the service. Spoke to a manager and was advised the same thing. The sheer lack of letting us know of what is covered, lack of communication and enablement of disinformation within the company to its customers are ALL appalling, to say the least.” —Samuel R. via BBB

“HomeServe did repair a pipe as per the contract. After that point, HomeServe FAILED in restoring my property to its original condition. I had a small area of my yard dug up, with flagstones removed. When they finished the repair, they left a mound of dirt… After over a year of calling, someone finally came out, leveled the mound of hard clay, [but] did not replace the large flagstones to where they were. Don’t trust this company to follow up on any work you need.” —Ketih M. via BBB

Unfortunately, HomeServe has been involved in a handful of lawsuits in the past, most of which center around a lack of promised service.

HomeServe and United Water New Jersey were the defendants in a class action lawsuit from New Jersey residents. Home warranties were sold to residents of an apartment building without the occupants knowing that services being pitched were excluded from the contracts. The two companies eventually settled.

Another class action lawsuit was filed against HomeServe in Florida because the company allegedly called potential customers without consent and harassed them with multiple phone calls per day.

Finally, a class action lawsuit was filed against HomeServe for services sold to Rhode Island customers that weren’t needed. Allegedly, the company pushed water service line repair coverage to avoid massive property damage, but the service line was covered by the local water utility companies.

Compare HomeServe to Other Home Warranties

Most customers will likely want to compare home warranty companies to see which is best for them. We’ve done a lot of the hard work for you by looking at how HomeServe stacks up against other top providers. We’ve included our findings in the table below and expanded on the differences in the following sections.

Company	Why we chose it	Pricing	Waiting period	BBB rating	States Covered
Choice Home Warranty	Best Overall	Basic Plan: $45/month Total Plan: $53.33/month Service Fee: $85	30 days	B-	49 states (Not including WA)
American Home Shield	Best Customizable Plans	ShieldSilver: $34.99-$49.99/month ShieldGold: $44.99-$59.99/month ShieldPlatinum: $59.99-$74.99/month Service Fee: $75–$125	30 days	B	49 states (Not including AK)
Select Home Warranty	Most Cost-Effective Plans	Bronze: 36/month Gold: $36/month Platinum: $38/month Service Fee: $75	30 days	B	46 states (Not including NV, NY, WA, WI)
Liberty Home Guard	Most Trustworthy	Appliance Guard: $64.99/month Systems Guard: $69.99/month Total Home Guard: $74.99/month Service Fee: $75	30 days	A+	48 states (Not including WA or WI)
First American Home Warranty	Best Appliance Coverage	Basic Plan: $38/month Premier Plan: $48.50/month Service Fee: $85	30 days	B	33 states (Not including AL, CT, DE, HI, IL, LA, ME, MA, MN, NH, NJ, NY, ND, RI, VT, WI)
Cinch Home Services	Best Workmanship Guarantee	Appliances Plan: $28/month Built-in Systems Plan: $33/month Complete Home Plan: $40/month Service Fee: $100-$150	30 days	A-	48 states (Not including HI or AK)

HomeServe vs. Choice Home Warranty

HomeServe USA is one of the best options for one-off coverage on a particular home system or appliance package. Choice Home Warranty is a better option if you’re looking for coverage for multiple systems and appliances, as the plans include both.

Below are some of the key differences to note before deciding between these two companies:

• HomeServe is more affordable but provides less coverage for the money.
• Choice Home Warranty has a 60-day workmanship guarantee, while HomeServe’s lasts for a full year.
• HomeServe does provide access to any plan customization, while Choice Home Warranty has add-on services and product coverages.
• HomeServe has higher coverage caps but comes at a much higher price.
• HomeServe only has a service fee of $100 on appliance plans, while CHW has an $85 service fee on all plans.

HomeServe vs. Select Home Warranty

Select Home Warranty is similar to Choice in that it provides more comprehensive coverage. Its plans cover all appliances, all home systems, or both rather than results-based plans like HomeServe has. Select provides more value for the money, but HomeServe is a great option for affordable home warranty service where you need it.

Below are some key differences between these two providers:

• HomeServe lacks service fees except for the appliance plans ($100), while Select has an industry-leading $60 service fee.
• Select’s plans cover all appliances, systems, or everything in your home. HomeServe’s plans are more specific.
• Select has higher pricing overall but provides more covered items for the cost.

HomeServe vs. American Home Shield

Finally, American Home Shield provides comprehensive coverage, as opposed to HomeServe’s more discerning coverage plans. AHS has been around much longer and has maintained mostly positive reviews over several decades. HomeServe also has positive reviews but has maintained them for far less time.

Below are some things to consider when deciding between these two providers:

• HomeServe offers less comprehensive coverage for lower dollar amounts per month — this means it’s great for budget-friendly, targeted service, but not ideal for comprehensive coverage like AHS offers.
• AHS has service fees between $75 and $150 for all plans. HomeServe only has a $100 service fee on its appliance plans.
• AHS covers some pre-existing conditions and damage caused by a lack of maintenance, while HomeServe does not.
• AHS provides several add-on services for customization, while HomeServe has none.

Is HomeServe Trustworthy?

For the most part, HomeServe is considered a trustworthy company. Although there are some outstanding complaints on BBB, the majority of customers who’ve filed complaints have been contacted by HomeServe to seek out a resolution.

Additionally, based on customer reviews, it’s clear that HomeServe provides higher payout rates than most other home warranty companies. That means you’re more likely to get your issue taken care of with no out-of-pocket fees with this company than you are with most others.

Perhaps most importantly, HomeServe maintains above-average reviews on BBB and TrustPilot and has an A+ score on BBB. This says a lot about the company and its willingness to put customers first.

With that being said, there are some instances of HomeServe lacking trustworthiness. The three lawsuits mentioned above are perfect examples of this. Based on past legal action, HomeServe seems to stray from its position of building trust by cheating customers out of money for services not rendered or not able to be rendered.

Final Verdict: Is HomeServe Worth It?

A home warranty from HomeServe USA might be ideal for you if you know you only want coverage for a particular home system. The company’s multitude of plans cover individual systems or parts of home systems, and while they have a low coverage-to-cost ratio, some will set you back less than $10 per month for peace of mind.

If you think you want more comprehensive coverage or if your home is aging and you expect components to break down in the near future, we would recommend opting for another company, like Choice Home Warranty or Select Home Warranty. In our opinion, these are two of the best home warranty companies in the industry.

As far as home warranty value overall, many experts agree that home warranties can be valuable in the right situations. For example, a study from CNBC concluded that more than half of all Americans wouldn’t have the funds available if they needed to pay $1,000 for emergency home repairs. A home warranty can provide those funds you need for a fraction of the price.

House Method Home Warranty Rating Methodology

At House Method, transparency and trust are our most important values for the reader. That’s why we took the time to create an objective rating system and score each home warranty provider according to our methodology.

We’ve done the homework for you and have researched over 50 home warranty companies so you can have the information you need to make the best choice for your home. Additionally, transparency and trust are our most important values for the reader.

That’s why we took the time to create an objective rating system and score each home warranty provider according to our methodology. Our team spent hours on the phone speaking to representatives from each home warranty company to get information right from the source. We also dug into the fine print on each company’s service agreement to make sure no detail was left out.

To make the most of our research, we developed a formula to objectively determine the best home warranty companies based on the following criteria:

• Plans: Do they provide a variety of plan options? We looked at the number of plans each company offered and the flexibility of adjusting the plan.
• Prices: How reasonable are the monthly fees and service fees in comparison to the industry average? We compared the costs of each company to competitors.
• Coverage: How many items are covered in each plan? We looked at the number of items each company covers. We dig into all service contracts available to get all the details.
• Customer service: How is the customer experience when calling the providers? Based on our phone calls, we were able to judge each company’s customer service.
• Trust: What do customers rate the company? We looked into what customers are saying about their experience with the company.
• Nationwide availability: How many states does the company cover? We found the number of states covered by each company.
• Unique perks: Does the company offer discounts or cover special items? We looked for perks offered by each company that sets them apart from the competition.

How do we keep our data up to date?

We want to make sure we’re providing you, the consumer, with the most current data available for every home warranty company we’ve researched and rated. That takes significant effort but we feel that’s vital to providing you thorough and trustworthy reviews.

With that in mind, we have dedicated staff members who regularly update our database of home warranty research.

For those that want to come home to a house that is comfortable and functioning, a home warranty makes a lot of sense. For the price that a home warranty is offered, you will quickly learn that it is indeed a good value. At an average of around $40 per month, your policy will cost you just under $500 per year.

If you have ever had an appliance or a home system that needs repair, you probably understand quite well that you will quickly reach that $500 mark to get your home back up and running. Take your time to carefully consider your home warranty options, check around for discounts and then give yourself the peace of mind that you deserve.

For more details, check out our affiliate disclosure and rating methodology.

Looking for information on more home warranty companies? Check out some of our other expert reviews to get all the details you need. Remember, each of these companies gives a free quote.

• Choice Home Warranty review
• American Home Shield review
• Select Home Warranty review
• Amazon Home Warranty review
• First American Home Warranty review
• Liberty Home Guard review

Other Home Warranty Providers to Consider